The principle of equal treatment (Swedish: likhetsprincipen) means that all shares carry equal rights in a limited company, unless the articles of association state otherwise, for example through different share classes. The general meeting and board may not give some shareholders an undue advantage at others' expense.
The principle protects minority shareholders in particular. For dividends and issues, the company must know which shares each owner holds, as shown in the share ledger.
Share class refers to different types of shares in a company, e.g. A and B shares, with different rights.
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The articles of association are the basic rulebook that governs how a limited company operates.
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A minority shareholder is a shareholder who does not have a controlling interest in a limited company.
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A shareholder is a person or company that owns one or more shares in a limited company.
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